Syringomyelia is the term that is used to describe fluid-filled cavities within the spinal cord, which cause an abnormal sensation in affected dogs. The underlying issue is Chiari-like malformation (CLM). CLM represents an imbalance between the size of the brain, which is too big, and the space within the skull, which is too small. This leads to crowding of the back part of the brain and the brainstem and subsequent obstruction of the flow of the cerebrospinal fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord. This causes pain in the upper back and neck for the dog and other symptoms. It is a serious condition, however it is treatable, and most commonly presents in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels.
What is Syringomyelia in Dogs?
Syringomyelia occurs when the brain is too small for the skull, which obstructs the flow of spinal fluid. The spinal fluid gets pushed down the spine due to the lack of space, where it creates fluid-filled areas within the spine. This causes extreme pain in the shoulders, neck, head, and chest. Your dog will be very sensitive to touch in these areas and some dogs show weakness in their limbs and possible paralysis.
Is Syringomyelia Hereditary in Dogs?
Syringomyelia is believed to be hereditary due to its prevalence within certain breeds. If you are breeding or are looking to buy a puppy from a commonly affected breed such as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel or the Griffon Bruxellois then it is extremely important to have the parents screened. Dogs that have syringomyelia should not be used for breeding.
What Breeds Are Prone to Syringomyelia?
The most commonly reported breeds that suffer from syringomyelia are the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and the Griffon Bruxellois, but other breeds can also be susceptible. Some of these breeds are the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Boston Terrier, Havanese, Affenpinscher, Pomeranian, Papillon, Chihuahua, Yorkshire Terrier, and Maltese Terrier.
Causes
It is thought that syringomyelia is an inherited condition, due to its prevalence within certain breeds. It is caused by a conformational defect in the head, which means that the brain is too large for the space of the skull. This issue results in the spinal fluid being forced down the spinal column which causes fluid-filled cavities to develop along the spine.
Symptoms
As with many conditions, the symptoms and the severity do not go hand in hand. Some dogs may have the condition and are only diagnosed through an unrelated MRI scan, while others may exhibit many symptoms, but on scanning the spine, have only a mild version of the condition. However, it is important to remember the pain that this condition may cause. Symptoms may include:
- Extreme sensitivity to touch in the neck, chest, shoulders, head, and back
- Intermittent neck pain
- Holding head high and at a certain angle to prevent pain
- Sleeping with head held up
- Whining and yelping for no obvious reasons
- Phantom scratching (scratching about an inch or two from the head)
- Weakness of the extremities
- Inability to play or walk
- Depression
- Irritability
- Paralysis
- Seizures
Diagnosis and Treatment
Definitive diagnosis is through an MRI scan, which can clearly show the spinal fluid in areas along the spine. However, before an MRI, your vet will take a detailed history, and conduct a full examination of your dog. If your dog is a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, then your vet will consider this diagnosis, due to the commonality of its presentation in this breed. The treatment is concentrated on pain management, and the drug gabapentin is commonly used for this. Surgery is also considered to remove part of the bone which is blocking the spinal column. The success rate for surgery sits at around 80%, however, 25% to 50% of dogs will experience a return of symptoms. Other changes such as lifestyle and acupuncture can be effective in managing the symptoms.
Recovery
Your dog’s recovery will depend on the severity of the condition, and how they respond to treatment. Some dogs respond well to medication, while others find that lifestyle changes help to manage the condition. As a responsible owner, you will need to monitor your dog closely and see what helps your dog.
What Happens if Syringomyelia is Left Untreated?
Some dogs can live with syringomyelia for years without any issues, while others may have massively debilitating symptoms. A dog with severe syringomyelia can end up paralysed if untreated. If your dog has symptoms you must seek advice from your trusted vet.
What to Avoid With Syringomyelia?
There are changes that you can make at home to support your dog in managing the symptoms of syringomyelia. These include not wearing a collar, and choosing a harness instead. Raising food and water bowls can help as it allows the head and neck to remain in a neutral position.
How Long Can a Dog Live With Syringomyelia?
This can vary hugely. Some dogs live with syringomyelia for years before being diagnosed through an unrelated MRI scan, while others can become extremely unwell very quickly. Some dogs can live happily for their lifetime with the condition, and others do not. Speak with your vet, monitor your dog’s symptoms and watch for signs of progression. Always have the best interests of your dog in mind, and make any decisions accordingly. Some dogs will live for many years on medication, while in others the condition can get worse very quickly.
Anrich Vets Provides Experienced Care for your Dog
Here at Anrich Vets, we put the health and well-being of your dog at the heart of all that we do. Our dedicated and professional team are always on hand if you have any concerns over the health and happiness of your dog. If you are concerned about the health of your dog, then we are here to help, whether you want a check-up just to make sure everything is okay or an emergency consult, we are here for you. Simply call our friendly and helpful to book your appointment today on 01942 242001.